Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Transformasi Pendidikan Inklusif Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dan Digitalisasi Pembelajaran
Articles

Model Integratif Budaya Sekolah–Karakter untuk Menjelaskan Integritas Siswa di Sekolah Multikultural: Studi Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory

Muhammad Fahrudin Alawi
Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh
Lalu Ibrohim Burhan
Universitas Gunung Rinjani

Published 2025-12-19

Keywords

  • Budaya Sekolah,
  • Integritas Siswa,
  • Karakter,
  • Multikultural,
  • Pendidikan Menengah

Abstract

Dalam konteks pendidikan global yang semakin multikultural, peran budaya sekolah sebagai ekosistem pembentuk karakter memperoleh perhatian strategis, namun sejumlah studi sebelumnya masih menitikberatkan pada dimensi pedagogis sehingga keterkaitan sistemik antara struktur budaya sekolah dan pembentukan integritas belum terpetakan secara komprehensif. Kesenjangan pengetahuan ini terutama terlihat pada sekolah-sekolah dengan keberagaman etnis dan agama tinggi, di mana mekanisme pembentukan integritas membutuhkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam atas dinamika nilai, interaksi sosial, dan praktik institusional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh elemen-elemen budaya sekolah terhadap penguatan karakter integritas siswa SMA pada konteks multikultural. Studi ini menggunakan desain mixed methods sequential explanatory, melibatkan survei kuantitatif terhadap 210 siswa dan pendalaman kualitatif melalui wawancara serta observasi etnografis di tiga sekolah multikultural. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keteladanan moral guru, norma kejujuran akademik, dan interaksi multikultural terarah merupakan faktor signifikan yang menjelaskan variasi integritas siswa, dengan model kuantitatif mencapai kontribusi 46,2%. Data kualitatif mengonfirmasi konsistensi temuan melalui pola praktik dan frekuensi kemunculan tema. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integritas siswa diperkuat melalui kombinasi legitimasi moral, struktur norma, dan kualitas interaksi sosial yang dirancang secara sadar. Temuan memperluas pengembangan teori budaya sekolah dan pendidikan karakter dengan memasukkan konteks multikultural sebagai komponen kunci, serta memberikan implikasi praktis bagi perancangan kebijakan dan lingkungan fisik sekolah yang mendukung internalisasi nilai karakter.

Abstract

In increasingly multicultural educational environments, school culture has gained strategic relevance as a formative ecosystem for character development; however, prior research has predominantly focused on pedagogical practices, leaving the systemic linkages between cultural structures and student integrity insufficiently explored. This knowledge gap is particularly evident in highly diverse schools, where the mechanisms shaping integrity require deeper examination of institutional norms, social interactions, and shared values. This study aimed to investigate the influence of key school culture elements on strengthening senior high school students’ integrity within multicultural contexts. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed, consisting of a quantitative survey of 210 students followed by qualitative inquiry through interviews and ethnographic observations across three multicultural schools. Results indicated that teacher moral modelling, academic honesty norms, and guided multicultural interaction were the principal factors significantly associated with student integrity, with the structural model explaining 46.2% of variance. Qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results by documenting consistent behavioural patterns and thematic frequencies. The study demonstrates that integrity formation is reinforced through a combination of moral legitimacy, normative structures, and intentionally designed multicultural interactions. These findings advance the Theory of School Culture and Character Education Theory by integrating multicultural dynamics as a core explanatory component and offer practical implications for policy design and the engineering of school environments that facilitate value internalisation.

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