This journal adheres to the ethical standards outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
All parties involved — authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher — are expected to uphold the highest ethical standards in every stage of publication.

Authors must:

• Ensure originality and proper citation.

• Avoid plagiarism and duplicate submissions.

• Disclose any potential conflicts of interest.

Editors must:

• Make decisions based on academic merit alone.

• Maintain confidentiality and impartiality.

Reviewers must:

• Conduct fair, objective, and timely reviews.

• Avoid personal or professional bias.

• Respect the confidentiality of the review process.

Publisher ensures:

• Transparency, academic integrity, and adherence to publication ethics.

• Proper handling of misconduct, correction, or retraction if necessary.